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<title>Design computing</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Design computing</span></span>

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<p>The terms <b>design computing</b> and other relevant terms including <b>design and computation</b> and <b>computational design</b> refer to the study and practice of design activities through the application and development of novel ideas and techniques in computing. One of the early groups to coin this term was the <a href="Key_Centre_of_Design_Computing_and_Cognition" class="mw-redirect" title="Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition">Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition</a> at the <a href="University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a> in Australia, which for more than fifty years (since the late 1960s) pioneered the research, teaching, and consulting of design and computational technologies. This group organised the academic conference series "Artificial Intelligence in Design (AID)"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> published by Springer during that period. AID was later renamed "Design Computing and Cognition (DCC)"<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is currently a leading biannual conference in the field. Other notable groups in this area are the Design and Computation<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> group at <a href="Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>'s School of Architecture + Planning and the Computational Design<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> group at <a href="Georgia_Tech" title="Georgia Tech">Georgia Tech</a>.

</p><p>Whilst these terms share in general an interest in computational technologies and design activity, there are important differences in the various approaches, theories, and applications. For example, while in some circles the term "computational design" refers in general to the creation of new computational tools and methods in the context of <a href="Computational_thinking" title="Computational thinking">computational thinking</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> design computing is concerned with bridging these two fields in order to build an increased understanding of design.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The Bachelor of Design Computing (BDesComp)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was created in 2003 at the <a href="University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a> and continues to be a leading programme in interaction design and creative technologies, now hosted by the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sydney.edu.au/architecture/research/designlab/index.shtml">Design Lab</a>. In that context, design computing is defined to be <i>the use and development of computational models of design processes and digital media to assist and/or automate various aspects of the design process with the goal of producing higher quality and new design forms</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Areas">Areas</h2></div>

<p>In recent years a number of research and education areas have been grouped under the umbrella term "design computing", namely:

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a> in design</li>

<li><a href="Expert_system" title="Expert system">Expert systems</a> and <a href="Knowledge-based_systems" title="Knowledge-based systems">knowledge-based systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Computational_creativity" title="Computational creativity">Computational creativity</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">Computer-aided design</a></li>

<li><a href="Responsive_computer-aided_design" title="Responsive computer-aided design">Responsive computer-aided design</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_architecture" title="Digital architecture">Digital architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_morphogenesis" title="Digital morphogenesis">Digital morphogenesis</a></li>

<li>Visual and spatial modelling</li>

<li>Computational analogy</li>

<li>Automated design systems</li>

<li>Design support systems</li>

<li><a href="Computer-supported_cooperative_work" title="Computer-supported cooperative work">Computer-supported cooperative work</a> (CSCW)</li>

<li><a href="Building_information_modeling" title="Building information modeling">Building information modeling</a> (BIM)</li>

<li><a href="Extended_reality" title="Extended reality">Extended reality</a> (XR)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="Spatial_computing" title="Spatial computing">spatial computing</a></li>

<li>Digital place-making<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research_groups">Research groups</h2></div>

<p>The main research groups working in this area span from Faculties of Architecture, Engineering and Computer Science. Australia has been a pioneer in this area. For the last five decades the <a href="Key_Centre_of_Design_Computing_and_Cognition" class="mw-redirect" title="Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition">Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition</a> (KCDC), currently known as the Design Lab, at the <a href="University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a> has been active in establishing this area of research and teaching. The <a href="University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a> offers a Bachelor of Design Computing (<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://sydney.edu.au/architecture/study/bdescomp.shtml">[1]</a>) and the <a href="University_of_New_South_Wales" title="University of New South Wales">University of New South Wales</a> also in <a href="Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> a Bachelor of Computational Design (<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.be.unsw.edu.au/undergraduate-degrees/computational-design/about-computational-design">[2]</a>). In the US this research area is also known as "Design and Computation", namely at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (<a href="MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>). Other relevant research groups include:

</p>

<ul><li>Critical Research in Digital Architecture (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091024123004/http://www.crida.net/">CRIDA</a>), Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, University of Melbourne</li>

<li>School of Architecture, Carnegie Mellon</li>

<li>Department of Computer Science, University College London</li>

<li>Department of Informatics Engineering, Universidade de Coimbra</li>

<li>Department of Computer Science, Vrije University, Amsterdam</li>

<li>Creativity and Cognition Studios, University of Technology Sydney</li>

<li>Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado at Boulder</li>

<li>Department of Architecture, Tokyo Institute of Technology</li>

<li>Department of Architecture, MIT</li>

<li>Department of Computer Science, Helsinki University of Technology</li>

<li>College of Architecture, Georgia Institute of Technology</li>

<li>Design Machine Group, <a href="University_of_Washington_College_of_Built_Environments" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Washington College of Built Environments">University of Washington College of Built Environments</a>, Seattle</li>

<li>Design Computing Program, <a href="Georgia_Institute_of_Technology_College_of_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Institute of Technology College of Architecture">Georgia Institute of Technology College of Architecture</a></li>

<li>School of Interactive Arts + Technology, <a href="Simon_Fraser_University" title="Simon Fraser University">Simon Fraser University</a></li>

<li>Department of Architecture, Technical University of Delft, The Netherlands</li>

<li>Institute of Computational Design, University of Stuttgart</li>

<li>Architectural Design Computing, Istanbul Technical University</li>

<li>Faculty of Architecture, <a href="Istanbul_Bilgi_University" title="Istanbul Bilgi University">Istanbul Bilgi University</a>, Turkey</li>

<li>Centre of IT and Architecture (CITA), <a href="The_Royal_Danish_Academy_of_Fine_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts">The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts</a>, Copenhagen</li>

<li>Institute of Architectural Algorithms & Applications (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://labaaa.org">Inst.AAA</a>), Southeast University, Nanjing</li>

<li>Department of Experimental and Digital Design and Construction, University of Kassel, Germany</li>

<li>Computational Media Design (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.ucalgary.ca/computational-media-design">CMD</a>) program, University of Calgary, Canada</li>

<li>School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fec.unicamp.br/english/">FEC-Unicamp</a>), University of Campinas, Brazil</li>

<li>Computation, Appearance, and Manufacturing group (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cam.mpi-inf.mpg.de/?view=home">CAM</a>), Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conferences">Conferences</h2></div>

<p>The biannual International Conference on Design Computing and Cognition (DCC) brings together high quality research on this area, as do annual conferences by the <a href="Association_for_Computer_Aided_Design_In_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture">Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture</a> and others.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><div id="Design56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Design" title="Design">Design</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Outline_of_design" title="Outline of design">Outline</a></li>

<li><a href="Designer" title="Designer">Designer</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Disciplines56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Disciplines</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Communication_design" title="Communication design">Communication<br>design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Advertising" title="Advertising">Advertising</a></li>

<li><a href="Book_design" title="Book design">Book design</a></li>

<li><a href="Brand" title="Brand">Brand design</a></li>

<li><a href="Exhibit_design" title="Exhibit design">Exhibit design</a></li>

<li><a href="Film_title_design" title="Film title design">Film title design</a></li>

<li><a href="Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">Graphic design</a>

<ul><li><a href="Motion_graphic_design" title="Motion graphic design">Motion</a></li>

<li><a href="Postage_stamp_design" title="Postage stamp design">Postage stamp design</a></li>

<li><a href="Print_design" title="Print design">Print design</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Illustration" title="Illustration">Illustration</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_design" title="Information design">Information design</a></li>

<li><a href="Instructional_design" title="Instructional design">Instructional design</a></li>

<li><a href="News_design" title="News design">News design</a></li>

<li><a href="Photography" title="Photography">Photography</a></li>

<li><a href="Retail_design" title="Retail design">Retail design</a></li>

<li><a href="Signage" title="Signage">Signage</a> / <a href="Traffic_sign_design" title="Traffic sign design">Traffic sign design</a></li>

<li><a href="Typography" title="Typography">Typography</a> / <a href="Type_design" title="Type design">Type design</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_design" title="Video design">Video design</a></li>

<li><a href="Visual_merchandising" title="Visual merchandising">Visual merchandising</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Environmental_design" title="Environmental design">Environmental<br>design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Architecture" title="Architecture">Architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Architectural_lighting_design" title="Architectural lighting design">Architectural lighting design</a></li>

<li><a href="Building_design" title="Building design">Building design</a>

<ul><li><a href="Passive_solar_building_design" title="Passive solar building design">Passive solar</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ecological_design" title="Ecological design">Ecological design</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_impact_design" title="Environmental impact design">Environmental impact design</a></li>

<li><a href="Garden_design" title="Garden design">Garden design</a>

<ul><li><a href="Computer-aided_garden_design" title="Computer-aided garden design">Computer-aided</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Healthy_community_design" title="Healthy community design">Healthy community design</a></li>

<li><a href="Hotel_design" title="Hotel design">Hotel design</a></li>

<li><a href="Interior_architecture" title="Interior architecture">Interior architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Interior_design" title="Interior design">Interior design</a>

<li><a href="Keyline_design" title="Keyline design">Keyline design</a></li>

<li><a href="Landscape_architecture" title="Landscape architecture">Landscape architecture</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sustainable_landscape_architecture" title="Sustainable landscape architecture">Sustainable</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Landscape_design" title="Landscape design">Landscape design</a></li>

<li><a href="Spatial_design" title="Spatial design">Spatial design</a></li>

<li><a href="Urban_design" title="Urban design">Urban design</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">Industrial<br>design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Automotive_design" title="Automotive design">Automotive design</a></li>

<li><a href="Automotive_suspension_design_process" title="Automotive suspension design process">Automotive suspension design</a></li>

<li><a href="CMF_design" title="CMF design">CMF design</a></li>

<li><a href="Corrugated_box_design" title="Corrugated box design">Corrugated box design</a></li>

<li><a href="Electric_guitar_design" title="Electric guitar design">Electric guitar design</a></li>

<li><a href="Furniture" title="Furniture">Furniture design</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sustainable_furniture_design" title="Sustainable furniture design">Sustainable</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Hardware_interface_design" title="Hardware interface design">Hardware interface design</a></li>

<li><a href="Motorcycle_design" title="Motorcycle design">Motorcycle design</a></li>

<li><a href="Packaging_and_labeling" class="mw-redirect" title="Packaging and labeling">Packaging and labeling</a></li>

<li><a href="Photographic_lens_design" title="Photographic lens design">Photographic lens design</a></li>

<li><a href="Product_design" title="Product design">Product design</a></li>

<li><a href="Production_designer" title="Production designer">Production design</a></li>

<li><a href="Sensory_design" title="Sensory design">Sensory design</a></li>

<li><a href="Service_design" title="Service design">Service design</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Interaction_design" title="Interaction design">Interaction<br>design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Experience_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Experience design">Experience design</a>

<li><a href="Game_design" title="Game design">Game design</a>

<ul><li><a href="Level_(video_games)" title="Level (video games)">Level design</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_game_design" title="Video game design">Video game design</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Hardware_interface_design" title="Hardware interface design">Hardware interface design</a></li>

<li><a href="Icon_design" title="Icon design">Icon design</a></li>

<li><a href="Immersive_design" title="Immersive design">Immersive design</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_design" title="Information design">Information design</a></li>

<li><a href="Interactive_design" title="Interactive design">Interactive design</a></li>

<li><a href="Sonic_interaction_design" title="Sonic interaction design">Sonic interaction design</a></li>

<li><a href="User_experience_design" title="User experience design">User experience design</a></li>

<li><a href="User_interface_design" title="User interface design">User interface design</a></li>

<li><a href="Web_design" title="Web design">Web design</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br><a href="Applied_arts" title="Applied arts">applied arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Public_art" title="Public art">Public art design</a></li>

<li><a href="Ceramic_art" title="Ceramic art">Ceramic</a> / <a href="Glass_art" title="Glass art">glass design</a></li>

<li><a href="Fashion_design" title="Fashion design">Fashion design</a>

<ul><li><a href="Costume_design" title="Costume design">Costume design</a></li>

<li><a href="Jewellery_design" title="Jewellery design">Jewellery design</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Floral_design" title="Floral design">Floral design</a></li>

<li><a href="Game_art_design" title="Game art design">Game art design</a></li>

<li><a href="Property_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Property designer">Property design</a></li>

<li><a href="Scenic_design" title="Scenic design">Scenic design</a></li>

<li><a href="Sound_design" title="Sound design">Sound design</a></li>

<li><a href="Lighting_design" title="Lighting design">Stage/set lighting design</a></li>

<li><a href="Textile_design" title="Textile design">Textile design</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br>design<br>& <a href="Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Algorithm_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Algorithm design">Algorithm design</a></li>

<li><a href="Behavioural_design" title="Behavioural design">Behavioural design</a></li>

<li><a href="Boiler_design" title="Boiler design">Boiler design</a></li>

<li><a href="Database_design" title="Database design">Database design</a></li>

<li><a href="Drug_design" title="Drug design">Drug design</a></li>

<li><a href="Electrical_system_design" title="Electrical system design">Electrical system design</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_of_experiments" title="Design of experiments">Experimental design</a></li>

<li><a href="Filter_design" title="Filter design">Filter design</a></li>

<li><a href="Geometric_design" title="Geometric design">Geometric design</a></li>

<li><a href="Work_design" title="Work design">Work design</a></li>

<li><a href="Integrated_circuit_design" title="Integrated circuit design">Integrated circuit design</a>

<ul><li><a href="Circuit_design" title="Circuit design">Circuit design</a></li>

<li><a href="Physical_design_(electronics)" title="Physical design (electronics)">Physical design</a></li>

<li><a href="Power_network_design_(IC)" title="Power network design (IC)">Power network design</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mechanism_design" title="Mechanism design">Mechanism design</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuclear_weapon_design" title="Nuclear weapon design">Nuclear weapon design</a></li>

<li><a href="Nucleic_acid_design" title="Nucleic acid design">Nucleic acid design</a></li>

<li><a href="Organizational_architecture" title="Organizational architecture">Organization design</a></li>

<li><a href="Process_design" title="Process design">Process design</a></li>

<li><a href="Processor_design" title="Processor design">Processor design</a></li>

<li><a href="Protein_design" title="Protein design">Protein design</a></li>

<li><a href="Research_design" title="Research design">Research design</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_design" title="Social design">Social design</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_design" title="Software design">Software design</a></li>

<li><a href="Spacecraft_design" title="Spacecraft design">Spacecraft design</a></li>

<li><a href="Strategic_design" title="Strategic design">Strategic design</a></li>

<li><a href="Systems_design" title="Systems design">Systems design</a></li>

<li><a href="Test_design" title="Test design">Test design</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Approaches56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Approaches</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Active_design" title="Active design">Active</a></li>

<li><a href="Activity-centered_design" title="Activity-centered design">Activity-centered</a></li>

<li><a href="Adaptive_web_design" title="Adaptive web design">Adaptive web</a></li>

<li><a href="Affective_design" title="Affective design">Affective</a></li>

<li><a href="Brainstorming" title="Brainstorming">Brainstorming</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_by_committee" title="Design by committee">By committee</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_by_contract" title="Design by contract">By contract</a></li>

<li><a href="C-K_theory" title="C-K theory">C-K theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_closure" title="Design closure">Closure</a></li>

<li><a href="Configuration_design" title="Configuration design">Configuration</a></li>

<li><a href="Contextual_design" title="Contextual design">Contextual</a></li>

<li><a href="Continuous_design" title="Continuous design">Continuous</a></li>

<li><a href="Cradle-to-cradle_design" title="Cradle-to-cradle design">Cradle-to-cradle</a></li>

<li><a href="Creative_problem-solving" title="Creative problem-solving">Creative problem-solving</a></li>

<li><a href="Creativity_techniques" title="Creativity techniques">Creativity techniques</a></li>

<li><a href="Critical_design" title="Critical design">Critical</a>

<ul><li><a href="Design_fiction" title="Design fiction">Design fiction</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Defensive_design" title="Defensive design">Defensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Design%E2%80%93bid%E2%80%93build" title="Design–bid–build">Design–bid–build</a></li>

<li><a href="Design%E2%80%93build" title="Design–build">Design–build</a>

<ul><li><a href="Architect-led_design%E2%80%93build" class="mw-redirect" title="Architect-led design–build">architect-led</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Diffuse_design" title="Diffuse design">Diffuse</a></li>

<li><a href="Domain-driven_design" title="Domain-driven design">Domain-driven</a></li>

<li><a href="Ecological_design" title="Ecological design">Ecological design</a></li>

<li><a href="Energy_neutral_design" title="Energy neutral design">Energy neutral</a></li>

<li><a href="Engineering_design_process" title="Engineering design process">Engineering design process</a>

<ul><li><a href="Probabilistic_design" title="Probabilistic design">Probabilistic design</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ergonomic_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Ergonomic design">Ergonomic</a></li>

<li><a href="Error-tolerant_design" title="Error-tolerant design">Error-tolerant</a></li>

<li><a href="Evidence-based_design" title="Evidence-based design">Evidence-based</a></li>

<li><a href="Fault-tolerant_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Fault-tolerant design">Fault-tolerant</a></li>

<li><a href="Feminist_design" title="Feminist design">Feminist</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_for_assembly" title="Design for assembly">For assembly</a></li>

<li><a href="Behavioural_design" title="Behavioural design">For behaviour change</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_for_manufacturability" title="Design for manufacturability">For manufacturability</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_for_Six_Sigma" title="Design for Six Sigma">For Six Sigma</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_for_testing" title="Design for testing">For testing</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_for_the_environment" title="Design for the environment">For the environment</a></li>

<li><a href="Framework-oriented_design" title="Framework-oriented design">Framework-oriented</a></li>

<li><a href="Functional_design" title="Functional design">Functional</a></li>

<li><a href="Generative_design" title="Generative design">Generative</a></li>

<li><a href="Geodesign" title="Geodesign">Geodesign</a></li>

<li><a href="High-level_design" title="High-level design">High-level</a></li>

<li><a href="Hostile_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Hostile design">Hostile</a></li>

<li><a href="Inclusive_design" title="Inclusive design">Inclusive</a></li>

<li><a href="Integrated_design" title="Integrated design">Integrated</a></li>

<li><a href="Integrated_topside_design" title="Integrated topside design">Integrated topside</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligence-based_design" title="Intelligence-based design">Intelligence-based</a></li>

<li><a href="Iterative_design" title="Iterative design">Iterative</a></li>

<li><a href="KISS_principle" title="KISS principle">KISS principle</a></li>

<li><a href="Low-level_design" title="Low-level design">Low-level</a></li>

<li><a href="Metadesign" title="Metadesign">Metadesign</a></li>

<li><a href="Mind_map" title="Mind map">Mind mapping</a></li>

<li><a href="Modular_design" title="Modular design">Modular</a></li>

<li><a href="Object-oriented_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Object-oriented design">Object-oriented</a></li>

<li><a href="Parametric_design" title="Parametric design">Parametric</a></li>

<li><a href="Participatory_design" title="Participatory design">Participatory</a></li>

<li><a href="Platform-based_design" title="Platform-based design">Platform-based</a></li>

<li><a href="Policy-based_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Policy-based design">Policy-based</a></li>

<li><a href="Prevention_through_design" title="Prevention through design">Prevention through</a></li>

<li><a href="Process-centered_design" title="Process-centered design">Process-centered</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_interest_design" title="Public interest design">Public interest</a>

<ul><li><a href="Opinion_poll" title="Opinion poll">Opinion poll</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_opinion" title="Public opinion">Public opinion</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Rational_design" title="Rational design">Rational</a></li>

<li><a href="Regenerative_design" title="Regenerative design">Regenerative</a></li>

<li><a href="Reliability_engineering" title="Reliability engineering">Reliability engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Research-based_design" title="Research-based design">Research-based</a></li>

<li><a href="Responsibility-driven_design" title="Responsibility-driven design">Responsibility-driven</a></li>

<li><a href="Speculative_design" title="Speculative design">Speculative</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">Sustainable</a></li>

<li><a href="Systemic_design" title="Systemic design">Systemic</a>

<li><a href="Tableless_web_design" title="Tableless web design">Tableless web</a></li>

<li><a href="Theory_of_constraints" title="Theory of constraints">Theory of constraints</a></li>

<li><a href="Top-down_and_bottom-up_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Top-down and bottom-up design">Top-down and bottom-up</a></li>

<li><a href="Transformation_design" title="Transformation design">Transformation</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgenerational_design" title="Transgenerational design">Transgenerational</a></li>

<li><a href="Universal_design" title="Universal design">Universal</a>

<ul><li><a href="Design_for_All_(in_ICT)" title="Design for All (in ICT)">Design for All</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Usage-centered_design" title="Usage-centered design">Usage-centered</a></li>

<li><a href="Use-centered_design" title="Use-centered design">Use-centered</a></li>

<li><a href="User-centered_design" title="User-centered design">User-centered</a>

<ul><li><a href="Empathic_design" title="Empathic design">Empathic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="User_innovation" title="User innovation">User innovation</a></li>

<li><a href="Value-driven_design" title="Value-driven design">Value-driven</a></li>

<li><a href="Value_sensitive_design" title="Value sensitive design">Value sensitive</a>

<ul><li><a href="Privacy_by_design" title="Privacy by design">Privacy by</a></li>

<li><a href="Quality_by_design" title="Quality by design">Quality by</a></li>

<li><a href="Secure_by_design" title="Secure by design">Secure by</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li>Design <a href="Design_choice" title="Design choice">choice</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_controls" title="Design controls">controls</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_culture" title="Design culture">culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Design justice">justice</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_leadership" title="Design leadership">leadership</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_management" title="Design management">management</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_marker" title="Design marker">marker</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_methods" title="Design methods">methods</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_pattern" title="Design pattern">pattern</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_research" title="Design research">research</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_science" title="Design science">science</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_sprint" title="Design sprint">sprint</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="Design strategy">strategy</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_theory" title="Design theory">theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_thinking" title="Design thinking">thinking</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="ToolsIntellectual_propertyOrganizationsAwards56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Tools</li><li>Intellectual property</li><li>Organizations</li><li>Awards</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Design_tool" title="Design tool">Tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Architectural_model" title="Architectural model">Architectural model</a></li>

<li><a href="Blueprint" title="Blueprint">Blueprint</a></li>

<li><a href="Comprehensive_layout" title="Comprehensive layout">Comprehensive layout</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_home_design_software" title="Virtual home design software">Virtual home design software</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Computer-automated_design" title="Computer-automated design">CAutoD</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_quality_indicator" title="Design quality indicator">Design quality indicator</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic_design_automation" title="Electronic design automation">Electronic design automation</a></li>

<li><a href="Flowchart" title="Flowchart">Flowchart</a></li>

<li><a href="Mockup" title="Mockup">Mockup</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_specification" title="Design specification">Design specification</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_system" title="Design system">Design system</a></li>

<li><a href="Prototype" title="Prototype">Prototype</a></li>

<li><a href="Sketch_(drawing)" title="Sketch (drawing)">Sketch</a></li>

<li><a href="Storyboard" title="Storyboard">Storyboard</a></li>

<li><a href="Technical_drawing" title="Technical drawing">Technical drawing</a></li>

<li><a href="HTML_editor" title="HTML editor">HTML editor</a></li>

<li><a href="Website_wireframe" title="Website wireframe">Website wireframe</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intellectual<br>property</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Clean-room_design" title="Clean-room design">Clean-room design</a></li>

<li><a href="Community_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Community design">Community design</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_around" title="Design around">Design around</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_infringement" title="Design infringement">Design infringement</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_patent" title="Design patent">Design patent</a></li>

<li><a href="Fashion_design_copyright" title="Fashion design copyright">Fashion design copyright</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Geschmacksmuster" title="Geschmacksmuster">Geschmacksmuster</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Industrial_design_right" title="Industrial design right">Industrial design rights</a>

<ul><li><a href="Industrial_design_rights_in_the_European_Union" title="Industrial design rights in the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="American_Institute_of_Graphic_Arts" title="American Institute of Graphic Arts">American Institute of Graphic Arts</a></li>

<li><a href="Chartered_Society_of_Designers" title="Chartered Society of Designers">Chartered Society of Designers</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_and_Industries_Association" title="Design and Industries Association">Design and Industries Association</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_Council" title="Design Council">Design Council</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Forum_Design" title="International Forum Design">International Forum Design</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_Research_Society" title="Design Research Society">Design Research Society</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="European_Design_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="European Design Award">European Design Award</a></li>

<li><a href="German_Design_Award" title="German Design Award">German Design Award</a></li>

<li><a href="Good_Design_Award_(Museum_of_Modern_Art)" title="Good Design Award (Museum of Modern Art)">Good Design Award (Museum of Modern Art)</a></li>

<li><a href="Good_Design_Award_(Chicago_Athenaeum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Good Design Award (Chicago Athenaeum)">Good Design Award (Chicago Athenaeum)</a></li>

<li><a href="Graphex" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphex">Graphex</a></li>

<li><a href="IF_Product_Design_Award" title="IF Product Design Award">IF Product Design Award</a></li>

<li><a href="James_Dyson_Award" title="James Dyson Award">James Dyson Award</a></li>

<li><a href="Prince_Philip_Designers_Prize" title="Prince Philip Designers Prize">Prince Philip Designers Prize</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Agile_software_development" title="Agile software development">Agile</a></li>

<li><a href="Concept_art" title="Concept art">Concept art</a></li>

<li><a href="Conceptual_design" title="Conceptual design">Conceptual design</a></li>

<li><a href="Creative_industries" title="Creative industries">Creative industries</a></li>

<li><a href="Cultural_icon" title="Cultural icon">Cultural icon</a></li>

<li><a href=".design" title=".design">.design</a></li>

<li><a href="Dominant_design" title="Dominant design">Dominant design</a></li>

<li><a href="Enterprise_architecture" title="Enterprise architecture">Enterprise architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Form_factor_(design)" title="Form factor (design)">Form factor</a></li>

<li><a href="Futures_studies" title="Futures studies">Futures studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Indie_design" title="Indie design">Indie design</a></li>

<li><a href="Innovation_management" title="Innovation management">Innovation management</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligent_design" title="Intelligent design">Intelligent design</a></li>

<li><a href="Lean_startup" title="Lean startup">Lean startup</a></li>

<li><a href="New_product_development" title="New product development">New product development</a></li>

<li><a href="Philosophy_of_design" title="Philosophy of design">Philosophy of design</a></li>

<li><a href="Process_simulation" title="Process simulation">Process simulation</a></li>

<li><a href="Reference_design" title="Reference design">Reference design</a></li>

<li><a href="Slow_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Slow design">Slow design</a></li>

<li><a href="STEAM_fields" class="mw-redirect" title="STEAM fields">STEAM fields</a></li>

<li><a href="Argument_from_poor_design" title="Argument from poor design">Unintelligent design</a></li>

<li><a href="Visualization_(graphics)" title="Visualization (graphics)">Visualization</a></li>

<li><a href="Wicked_problem" title="Wicked problem">Wicked problem</a></li></ul>

<ul><li>Design <a href="List_of_system_quality_attributes" title="List of system quality attributes">attributes</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_brief" title="Design brief">brief</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_change" title="Design change">change</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_classic" title="Design classic">classic</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_competition" title="Design competition">competition</a>

<ul><li><a href="Architectural_design_competition" title="Architectural design competition">architectural</a></li>

<li><a href="Student_design_competition" title="Student design competition">student</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Design_director" title="Design director">director</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_education" title="Design education">education</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_elements" title="Design elements">elements</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_engineer" title="Design engineer">engineer</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_history" title="Design history">history</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_knowledge" title="Design knowledge">knowledge</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_language" title="Design language">language</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_museum" title="Design museum">museum</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_optimization" title="Design optimization">optimization</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_paradigm" title="Design paradigm">paradigm</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_principles" title="Design principles">principles</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_rationale" title="Design rationale">rationale</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_review" title="Design review">review</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_specification" title="Design specification">specification</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_studies" title="Design studies">studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Design studio">studio</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_technology" title="Design technology">technology</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-24" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Design_computing&oldid=1291963204">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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